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Horizontal and vertical axes of the spectrometer

Fibre interconnection and data room reference Published 02 May 2026

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In a spectrometer, the horizontal axis typically aligns the collimator and telescope for light measurement, while the vertical axis governs the rotation of the prism or grating table.

Horizontal Axis

The horizontal axis of a spectrometer is primarily associated with the collimator and telescope alignment. The collimator emits a parallel beam of light, and its axis must be made exactly horizontal using leveling screws to ensure accurate measurements. The telescope, which receives the diffracted or refracted light, is also leveled so that its axis is horizontal and parallel to the collimator.

This horizontal alignment ensures that light travels in a straight, predictable path from the source through the collimator to the telescope.

Vertical Axis

The vertical axis is associated with the rotation of the prism or grating table. The prism or diffraction grating is mounted on a circular table that can rotate about a vertical axis, allowing precise angular measurements of light refraction or diffraction. Fine adjustment screws and clamps control this rotation, and the table is leveled horizontally to maintain the correct orientation of the optical element.

The vertical axis ensures that the angular displacement of the prism or grating is measured accurately relative to the horizontal light path.

Practical Alignment

Collimator leveling: Adjust the collimator so its axis is horizontal using a spirit level and leveling screws. Telescope leveling: Place a spirit level on the telescope tube and adjust base and telescope screws until the axis is horizontal and aligned with the collimator. Prism or grating table: Rotate about the vertical axis using clamps and fine adjustment screws; the table surface should be horizontal to ensure the grating or prism is correctly oriented.

Grating rulings: For diffraction gratings, the rulings are vertical, parallel to the rotational axes, and the grating normal lies in the horizontal plane.

Summary

The horizontal axis ensures the collimator and telescope are aligned for accurate light transmission and observation, while the vertical axis allows precise rotation of the prism or grating for angular measurements. Proper leveling and alignment of both axes are essential for accurate spectroscopic analysis.

Horizontal and vertical axes of the spectrometer - FD SOLUCIONES OPTICAL SYSTEMS [PDF]

Horizontal and vertical axes of the spectrometer

Appendix: Support manual for prism spectrometer

Leveling the apparatus means making (a) the axis of rotation of the telescope vertical, (b) the axis of the telescope and that of the collimator horizontal, and (c) the top of the prism table horizontal.

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